Hydrogen is increasingly recognized as a promising sustainable energy carrier poised to meet global energy demands due to its exceptional energy density, cleanliness, and storage capabilities. Its versatile applications span various industries, including oil refining, steel/metal production, chemical synthesis, and transportation. Over 95% of hydrogen (H₂) is derived from fossil fuels or renewable sources, leading to the release of carbon dioxide (CO₂) as a by-product. Significant efforts are underway to address this challenge and develop environmentally friendly methods for hydrogen production. The photocatalytic process emerges as a green chemical solution, capable of generating H₂ under atmospheric conditions without emitting CO₂ or other harmful substances. Black TiO₂ (bTiO₂), distinguished by its high visible light absorption and exceptional thermal-chemical resistance, is currently under development for photocatalytic H₂ production, leveraging its inherent defects. This review highlights recent advancements in the laboratory-scale development of bTiO₂, elucidating various strategies such as defective self-doping, metal/non-metal doping, and coupling with conductive materials or semiconductors. Among these strategies, the coupling bTiO₂ with semiconductors demonstrates the most promising results in photocatalytic H₂ production. For instance, the mesoporous TiO₂/CeO₂ nanocomposite aerogel, synthesized via thermal treatment in a 5% H₂/Ar atmosphere, achieved an approximate yield of 182 mmol/g⋅h of H₂ under visible light illumination. This comprehensive review aims to expand perspectives on designing and customizing bTiO₂ nanocomposites for practical applications in sustainable energy production.